Damayanti

King Bhima of Vidarbha has everything a ruler could want — strength, virtue, wealth — but no children. When the brahmarshi Damana visits his court, Bhima and his wife serve him with such devotion that the sage grants them a boon: three sons and a daughter whose beauty will be spoken of among gods and men.

Nala and Damayanti have never met, but they have heard each other praised so constantly that desire has taken root in both their hearts. Nala, unable to contain his longing, captures a golden-winged swan in a grove — and the bird bargains for its freedom by offering to become his messenger to the woman he has never seen.

Damayanti, having heard the swan's words about King Nala, loses all control over herself — she sighs, weeps, and cannot eat or sleep. Her friends report her state to King Bhima, who recognizes that his daughter has come of age and decides to hold a svayamvara (a ceremony where a princess chooses her husband), inviting every king on earth.

Four gods — Indra, Agni, Varuna, and Yama — desire Damayanti and choose Nala to deliver their proposal. Nala has already promised to do their bidding, but when he learns the task, he protests: he himself desires Damayanti. The gods insist he keep his word.

Nala enters Damayanti's guarded palace unseen, by the gods' influence. When she asks how he entered unnoticed, he reveals his identity and delivers the gods' proposal — Indra, Agni, Varuna, and Yama all wish to marry her, and she must choose one.

Damayanti has assembled the kings of the world, but when Nala arrives among them, she bows to the gods and speaks directly to him — confessing that she has been tormented by a swan's words and has chosen him over every other man present, including the gods themselves.

When Damayanti enters the svayamvara arena, she finds five identical men — the four gods disguised as Nala and Nala himself — and cannot tell which is her chosen husband. She prays to the gods, asking them to reveal their true forms, and they grant her request, allowing her to see Nala's mortal signs and place the garland around his shoulders.

After Damayanti chooses Nala, the four gods — delighted by her choice — each grant Nala two boons: Indra gives him presence at sacrifices and supreme sacred goals; Agni gives him his presence whenever desired and resplendent worlds; Yama gives him taste of food and establishment in dharma; Varuna gives him his presence and a fragrant garland. The gods return to heaven, the kings depart, and Nala marries Damayanti, ruling righteously like Yayati.

After the gods depart, Kali tells Dvapara he cannot control his anger and resolves to take possession of Nala and dislodge him from his kingdom. He asks Dvapara to help by entering the dice — enabling the cheating that will destroy Nala through gambling.

The gods, returning from Damayanti's svayamvara, encounter Kali and Dvapara on the road. When Indra tells Kali the svayamvara is over and Damayanti has chosen Nala, Kali's rage ignites — and the gods warn him that cursing Nala will only bring ruin upon himself.

Pushkara challenges his brother Nala to dice, and Nala — possessed by Kali — cannot refuse. Over months of gambling, he loses silver, gold, vehicles, and garments while Damayanti watches helplessly, and no well-wisher can stop him from throwing the next throw.

Nala is losing everything to Pushkara at the gambling table, and the dice seem to obey only his brother. Damayanti watches her husband destroy himself and knows what she must do: send their children away before they are lost too.

Nala has lost everything and sits like a man maddened, unable to speak. Damayanti, still clear-headed, tries one last thing — summoning the advisers as if on Nala's orders, hoping they can reverse what has been lost.

After his charioteer abandons him, Nala gambles away everything — his kingdom, his riches, everything except Damayanti. When Pushkara mockingly suggests staking her next, Nala's rage finally breaks through his despair. He strips off his ornaments, leaves the city in a single garment with Damayanti following, and spends three nights outside, surviving on water alone.

Naked and desperate, Nala points out the roads to Vidarbha to Damayanti, implying she should go to her father's kingdom without him. She refuses, arguing that a wife is the best medicine for a suffering husband — but his repeated directions to the road home have already planted doubt in her heart.

Hungry and desperate in the forest, Nala spots birds with plumage like gold and tries to catch them for food and riches, covering them with his only garment. The birds rise into the sky carrying his garment — and reveal themselves as the dice who robbed him of his kingdom, leaving him naked and alone.

Exhausted and starving, Nala and Damayanti arrive at a public dwelling house and sleep on the bare ground. But Nala cannot sleep — his mind is tormented by the loss of his kingdom, his friends, and his dignity. He begins to brood over whether Damayanti would be better off without him, and in the grip of despair, he makes a decision that will shatter both their lives.

Damayanti wakes in a deserted forest to find her husband Nala has abandoned her while she slept. She runs madly through the wilderness, crying out for him — first in grief, then in anger, then in a desperate hope that he is hiding behind the creepers and will answer her call.

The hunter who saved Damayanti from the serpent is overcome by her beauty and tries to violate her. She curses him with the power of her truth — if she has never thought of any man but Nala, let him fall dead — and he drops lifeless to the ground.

Wandering distraught through the forest, Damayanti is seized by a hungry boa constrictor that begins to devour her. A hunter hears her cries, rushes to her aid, and severs the serpent's head — freeing her from one danger only to deliver her into another.

Having slain the killer of animals, Damayanti enters a deserted and dreadful forest, alone and searching for her husband Nala who abandoned her. She roams the forest, lamenting and calling out to Nala, addressing the mountain and the forest creatures, pleading for any sign of her husband. She finishes her lament to the mountain and then leaves for the northern direction, continuing her search.

After traveling a long time, Damayanti sees a large caravan climbing along the banks of a river. She approaches it, causing fear and confusion among the men. She explains who she is and asks if they have seen Nala. The caravan leader Shuchi replies that he has not seen Nala and tells her the caravan belongs to King Subahu of Chedi — but her search continues without resolution.

After wandering for three days and nights, Damayanti enters a beautiful forest populated by ascetics. She introduces herself as the daughter of King Bhima and wife of King Nala, and asks if they have seen her husband. The ascetics prophesy that she will soon find Nala, freed from his sins and in fortunate circumstances — and then they miraculously disappear along with their hermitage, leaving Damayanti astounded.

After the ascetics disappear, Damayanti goes to another region and sees a flowering ashoka tree. She speaks to it, asking it to remove her sorrow and inquiring if it has seen Nala. She circles it thrice and then moves on, entering an even more terrible region. The tree does not respond, and her sorrow remains unrelieved.

A caravan of merchants, exhausted from their journey, stops to rest by a pond in a deep forest. At midnight, a herd of elephants arrives to drink and, finding the sleeping camp in their path, tramples everything. Damayanti survives the slaughter and, standing among the dead, wonders what sin she committed to bring such destruction upon those who helped her.

Damayanti, clad in half a garment and followed by curious boys, arrives at the capital of Chedi. The king's mother sees her from the palace, restrains the crowd, and brings her inside. Damayanti tells a disguised version of her story — a sairandhri searching for her lost husband — and sets the conditions under which she will stay.

Every evening, while living in disguise in Rituparna's palace, Nala recites a shloka lamenting a woman lost in the forest. Jivala, his companion, hears the words and asks who this woman is. Nala answers — but only in the third person, speaking of himself as though he were someone else.

King Bhima has lost track of his daughter Damayanti and her husband Nala, who vanished into the forest after Nala lost his kingdom. He sends brahmanas in every direction with an extraordinary reward — a thousand cows and a village — for anyone who can find them, dead or alive.

A brahmana named Sudeva arrives in the city of Chedi and sees a woman in the king's palace — thin, dirty, barely recognizable. But something in her bearing, her eyes, the shape of her face, tells him she is Damayanti, the princess of Vidarbha, fallen from her former life.

Sudeva approaches Damayanti and tells her who he is — her brother's friend, sent by King Bhima. He tells her that her family is alive and well. Damayanti recognizes him and weeps, asking about everyone she loves. But their conversation is seen, and the king's mother comes to demand the truth.

After a long separation, Damayanti arrives in Vidarbha to find her children, parents, and friends all well. Her father rewards the messenger who found her, and Damayanti rests at last in her father's house — but she has more to say to her mother.

When Sunanda cleans the dirt from Damayanti's forehead, the lotus-shaped mark emerges like the moon from behind clouds. The king's mother — Damayanti's own aunt — recognizes it instantly and embraces her, revealing that they are bound by blood as granddaughters of the same king.

A messenger searching the earth for the lost queen Damayanti finally finds her — living in obscurity, her face covered in dirt. But he recognizes her by the one thing grime cannot hide: the lotus-shaped mark between her eyebrows, placed there by the creator himself.

Damayanti tells her mother plainly: if you want me alive, bring Nala here. The queen, choking with tears, brings the words to King Bhima, who sends brahmanas in every direction. Damayanti gives them a secret message — words only Nala would understand — and instructs them to report back without being discovered.

Damayanti's messengers fan out across the kingdoms, repeating her coded words in every city, village, and hermitage. They are looking for a man who might respond — a gambler who once sliced his wife's garment in half and abandoned her in the wilderness.

Parnada returns from Ayodhya with nothing from King Rituparna — but a deformed charioteer named Bahuka spoke to him in private, words that made no sense to the brahmana but strike Damayanti like a message from the dead.

Damayanti has heard Bahuka's words and knows Nala is alive — but she needs to force him to reveal himself. She summons Sudeva and gives him a message for King Rituparna: Damayanti will hold a second svayamvara tomorrow morning, because Nala's fate is unknown.

Damayanti has heard Parnada's report and knows what she must do — but she cannot let her father Bhima know. She goes to her mother in secret and reveals her plan: send the brahmana Sudeva to Ayodhya to bring Nala back, while keeping the king in the dark.

King Rituparna tells his charioteer Bahuka that he wishes to reach Vidarbha in a single day for Damayanti's svayamvara. Bahuka's mind is torn apart by grief and suspicion — is Damayanti truly choosing another husband, or is this a ruse for his sake? Tormented, he resolves to go and discover the truth.

Damayanti hears the roar of a chariot that sounds exactly like Nala's — the same deep rumbling that once filled her with joy. The sound fills her with desperate hope and crushing despair. She declares she will perish if she does not see him today, and begins to recall every virtue of the husband she lost.

King Rituparna arrives in Vidarbha in the evening, his chariot roaring through the gates of Kundina. The sound reaches Nala's horses, who rejoice as if their master had returned. It reaches Damayanti, who is stirred with hope and grief. King Bhima welcomes Rituparna with honours, puzzled by the unexplained journey of over a hundred yojanas, while Bahuka — Nala in disguise — tends to the horses.

From the palace, Damayanti sees King Rituparna, Varshneya, and Bahuka — but not Nala. The chariot's roar was identical, yet the man is absent. Tormented by the mystery, she debates whether Varshneya has somehow acquired Nala's skill, or whether Rituparna equals him. Then she sends a messenger to search.

Keshini repeats the words of a grieving wife — about the gambler who abandoned her, the half-garment, the bird that stole it — and asks Bahuka to recount the tale. He speaks with a choked voice, suppressing his grief, but when he finishes, he weeps uncontrollably. Keshini reports everything to Damayanti.

From her palace window, Damayanti sees a charioteer with short arms and a malformed body — and her heart grows calm. She sends her maid Keshini to question him, suspecting this is King Nala in disguise. Keshini learns he is Rituparna's charioteer and cook, and that Varshneya is with them, but the suspicion remains.

Damayanti, now certain that Bahuka is Nala, weeps — but needs one final confirmation. She sends Keshini to steal meat from Bahuka's kitchen. When she tastes it, she recognizes the cooking of her husband from years before, and knows beyond doubt.

Damayanti, hearing Brihadashva's account, suspects the charioteer Bahuka is her lost husband Nala. She sends her maid Keshini to secretly observe him — and Keshini returns with reports of impossible things: narrow passages widening before him, vessels filling with water at his glance, fire refusing to burn him, and flowers growing fresher in his hands.

Damayanti, dressed in rags with matted hair, sees the man who abandoned her in the forest and is overcome with sorrow. She confronts him with a series of questions — about dharma, about promises, about what kind of man leaves his sleeping wife in the wilderness — and demands to know where the pledge he made before the fire has gone.

Keshini reports Bahuka's strange agitations to Damayanti, who suspects he is Nala but is uncertain because of his changed appearance. She sends word to her mother, requesting a meeting with Bahuka — and with her parents' sanction, has him brought to her chambers.

With his doubts dissolved, Nala dons the garment that does not decay, recalls the king of the serpents, and regains his original form. Damayanti embraces him and weeps — and in the fourth year of separation, they are finally reunited.

Nala, still haunted by suspicion, accuses Damayanti of unfaithfulness. She responds not with anger but with an oath — calling on the wind, the sun, and the moon to strike her dead if she has sinned. The wind-god himself speaks from the sky, and flowers rain down.

After the night passes, Nala adorns himself and goes with Damayanti to meet her father, King Bhima. The reunion is formal and joyful — Nala pays his respects, Bhima welcomes him like a son — and the entire city of Kundina erupts in celebration, decorated with flags, garlands, and flowers, as the gods are worshipped in every temple.

Pushkara, his eyes red with anger, demands that Nala stake everything. Nala smiles and accepts. In a single throw, Pushkara loses his entire kingdom, his treasures, and his life. But Nala does not kill him — he embraces him as a brother and sends him away in peace.

With Bhima’s permission and a small army, Nala returns to Nishadha and confronts his brother Pushkara. He offers a single stake: all his new wealth, Damayanti, and his life — against the kingdom. Pushkara, certain of victory, laughs and accepts the dice game.

Brihadashva concludes the story of Nala, who lost everything to gambling and then regained it all. He draws a direct parallel to Yudhishthira's own exile, reminding him that prosperity is transient and that hearing Nala's tale brings blessings. Then he makes an unexpected offer: he will teach Yudhishthira the secrets of dice, to destroy his fear of ever being challenged again.